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Anukatalla Sandhya ¹, Kadiri Sunil Kumar ¹, Tirumani Sushma ¹, Shalini ¹, R. Suthakaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Vijaya College of Pharmacy, Munaganoor – 501511, Hyderabad, Telangana, IN

Abstract

The present investigation was planned with an objective to screen phytochemically andneuropharmacologically the ischolar_mains of Carissa carandus Linn.in rats. Carissa carandus Linn.(karaunda), common herb of dogbane family Apocynaceae. It has been used as additive in Indian pickles1. The extraction of Carissa carandus Linn. ischolar_mains was carried out by Soxhlet apparatus by successive solvent extraction in the order of increasing polarity with solvents such as hexane, methanol and water respectively for 24 hours. Phytochemical screening of the extracts reveals the presence of following chemical constituents such as carbohydrates, proteins, lignans, flavonoids, terpenes, saponins glycosides, cardiac glycosides etc. Nootropic activity was carried out with methanolic extract (200 mg/kg) in albino rats by using object recognition test. The rats of all the groups are placed one by one in an empty object recognition test chamber to get habituated to the environment for a period of 5 minutes before the test session. The rats were allowed to explore a familiar object (F) and a new object (F1) on first day test trail for a period of 5 minutes. Second day test trial includes exploration of a previous familiar (F) object and a new object (N). The result obtained indicate that discrimination index with control rats were found to be 0.0470±0.113 sec, whereas with test treated rats discrimination index was found to be 0.2042 ±0.412 sec. This increase in discrimination index with Carissa carandus Linn. methanolic ischolar_main extract treated rats in object recognition test suggests that Carissa carandus Linn. ischolar_mains posseses significant memory enhancing potential.

Keywords

Carissa carandus Linn.Roots, Nootropic Activity, Object Recognition Test, Discrimination Index.

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Kadiri Sunil Kumar ¹, S. Mounica ¹, Rajesh Behera ¹, K. Vijay Kumar ¹, Y. Shanmukh Sai ¹, R. Suthakaran ¹

Affiliations
1 Vijaya College of Pharmacy, Munaganoor – 501511, Hyderabad, Telangana, IN

Abstract

The study was designed to assess the cognitive enhancing potential of Murraya koengii leaves by using radial arm maze test in albino rats. The radial arm maze test consists of a total 7 days session. During first 6 days training session (habituation phase) rats were placed individually in the central hub and were allowed to choose the arm containing the food freely for a period of 5 minutes. The time taken by each rat to find the food was considered to assess RAM performance. Latency to find the food was noted as an index of memory. The same procedure was repeated with test and standard treated rats after one hour of administration of murraya koengii chloroform extract 100 mg/kg and Piracetam 200 mg/kg. After 6 days training session, 7^th day session includes induction of short term memory loss in control rats by administration of propofol 0.5 ml/200g (amnesia inducer) followed by latency to find the food is noted for a period of 5 minutes for each rat. Repeat the same propofol treatment on 7^th day for test and standard treated rats after 1 hr of administration of extract (Murraya koenigii 100mg/kg) and piracetam (200mg/kg) and the latency to find was recorded for 5 minutes. It was found that the latency to find food on 7^th day of radial arm maze test in control rats after administration of propofol is 2.59 seconds, whereas latency to find food with test extract treated rats on 7^th day was found to be 2.20 seconds. This suggests that decrease in the latency for food (sec) with Murraya koengii leaves extract has significantly increased the memorizing ability of rats to find food. Hence it indicates that Murraya koenigii leaves at a dose of 100mg/kg produces significant cognitive enhancing potential in albino rats. However the memory enhancing potential of Murraya koenigii leaves was found to be lesser that standard drug piracetam (latency for food 2.05 seconds) in Radial arm maze test.

Keywords

Cognitive Enhancing, Murraya koenigii, Latency for Food, Radial Arm Maze Test.

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Kadiri Sunil Kumar ¹, Ch. Mamatha ², N. Deepika ², B. Sai Sushma ², R. Suthakaran ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Vijaya College of Pharmacy, Munaganoor- 501511, Hyderabad, Telangana, IN
2 Vijaya College of Pharmacy, Munaganoor- 501511, Hyderabad, Telangana, IN
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vijaya College of Pharmacy, Munaganoor- 501511, Hyderabad, Telangana, IN

Abstract

The present research was designed to compare the effects of dietary food ingredients such as saccharin (100 mg/kg), turmeric (1g/kg) and transfat (2%) on recognition memory in albino mice by using object recognition test (ORT) apparatus. The mice were divided into 5 groups, each group containing 6 mice. The test group of mice received treatment of saccharin (100mg/kg), turmeric (1g/kg), transfat (2%), donepezil (1mg/kg) for 30 days. Control group mice received distilled water for 30 days. The evaluation of memory begins on 31^st day by using object recognition test. The ORT apparatus is composed of open box (16x5cm) with an open roof. The object recognition test includes 3 sessions A) The first day training session which consist of placing all the mice one by one in an empty recognition chamber for 5 minutes so that the mice get habituated in the environment (habituation). B) On second day, test session begins (acquisition) where in the control mice are allowed to explore 2 different objects of same size, color and weight but with different shapes for period of 5 minutes (FandF1) and the time taken by each mouse to explore the objects (mouse touches its nose or places its nose at a distance of 2 cm from the object) was recorded. Repeat the same procedure with test (saccharin (100 mg/kg), turmeric 1g/kg and transfat 2%) and standard donepezil (1mg/kg) treated mice. The Third day session includes exploring the control, test and standard treated mice to one familiar object (F) and a new object (N) for a period of 5 minutes. Discrimination index which is an index of memory is calculated in all the groups of mice. Discrimination index (DI) was found to be 0.0714± 0.17 in control mice, whereas DI was found to be 0.015±0.12 and 0.027±0.09 with saccharin and transfat. Turmeric treated mice exhibited a DI of 0.25±0.09. The above readings indicate the DI of saccharin and transfat treated mice found to be less than control mice indicating memory impairment with saccharin and transfat. However, turmeric treated mice exhibited increased DI than control indicating memory enhancement with turmeric. Standard Donepezil treated mice exhibited significant higher DI (0.37±0.72).

Keywords

Recognition Memory, Dietary Ingredients, Donepezil, Discrimination Index, Object Recognition Test.

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Kadiri Sunil Kumar ¹, V. Saideepthi ², Shaik Shahajeb ², M. Nandini ², R. Suthakaran ³

Affiliations
1 Department of Pharmacology, Vijaya College of Pharmacy, Munaganoor – 501511, Hyderabad, Telangana, IN
2 Vijaya College of Pharmacy, Munaganoor – 501511, Hyderabad, Telangana, IN
3 Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Vijaya College of Pharmacy, Munaganoor – 501511, Hyderabad, Telangana, IN

Abstract

The present research was designed to evaluate the analgesic potential of Boerhavia diffusa ischolar_main powder 150 mg/kg, p.o in albino mice. Boerhavia diffusa is a popular herb in ayurveda which is also known as Punarnava. Boerhavia diffusa ischolar_main powder was procured from a local ayurvedic store. The analgesic effect of the ischolar_main powder was evaluated by using acetic acid induced writhings test in mice. It was found that Boerhavia diffusa ischolar_main powder at a dose of 150 mg/kg treated for 15 days has significantly inhibited pain induced by acetic acid by decreasing the number of writhing responses such as extension of hind limbs (22±0.77), abdominal constrictions (13±0.08) and trunk twisting (20±0.55) when compared to control treated mice i.e extension of hind limbs (38±0.17), abdominal constrictions (26±1.23) and trunk twisting (24±0.55) in control mice. The results were compared with standard diclofenac sodium (25 mg/kg, p.o) treated mice. Hence it is evident from the above results that boerhavia diffusa at 150 mg/kg possesses significant analgesic potential.

Keywords

Boerhavia diffusa, Analgesic, Writhing Responses, Acetic Acid, Diclofenac Sodium.

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Kadiri Sunil Kumar ¹, Avanapu Srinivasa Rao ²

Affiliations
1 Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kukatpally, Hyderabad-500085, Telangana, IN
2 Department of Pharmacology, Bhaskar Pharmacy College, Yenkapally, Moinabad, R.R Dist-500075, Hyderabad, IN

Abstract

The present research involves extraction of active constituents of the leaves of Chrozophora plicata by using soxhlet apparatus with polar and non-polar solvents. Further the extract was subjected to phytochemical screening and the methanolic extract of the leaf reveals the presence of flavonoids, glycosides, alkaloids and lignans. Acute toxicity study was performed with methanolic extract on the basis of OECD guidelines 423 and the therapeutically selected doses were 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg. Methanolic extract of Chrozophora plicta leaves was subjected to hepatoprotective investigation against CCl₄, paracetamol and thioacetamide intoxicated rats. The serum enzymes such as SGOT, SGPT and ALP were significantly decreased with chrozophora extract at both the doses when compared to toxic controls. Total protein levels were significantly increased with leaf extract whereas total bilirubin and triglyceride levels were significantly decreased with leaf extract. Liver weight was decreased by leaf extract at 400 mg/kg. A histopathological examination of liver fractions has further augmented the biochemical evidences of hepatoprotective function of the plant extract by preserving the hepatic architecture of the liver tissue to near normal. Invitro cytotoxic efficacy of the Chrozophora plicata leaf methanolic extract was assessed with DAL cell lines by using tryphan blue dye exclusion test and MTT assay. It was found that there is an increase in percentage of dead DAL cells with leaf extract in tryphan blue dye exclusion assay and a decrease in percentage of survival cells with MTT assay indicating that the Chrozophora plicata leaf extract possesses significant cytotoxic potential.

Keywords

Chrozophora plicata, Flavonoids, Hepatoprotective, Acute Toxicity, DAL Cell Lines, Cytotoxic Activity.

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